การให้ความรู้ต่อการเลี้ยงบุตรด้วยนมมารดาในมารดาวัยรุ่น : การทบทวนอย่างเป็นระบบ

Abstract

Breast milk has beneficial nutrients for infants and offers immunity from infections. The low breastfeeding rate among adolescent mothers is a significant problem. One factor affecting the breastfeeding rate is a lack of knowledge. Thus, many types of education provision are designed to promote breastfeeding in adolescent mothers. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of education provision on breastfeeding knowledge, breastfeeding duration, breastfeeding rate and breastfeeding behavior among adolescent mothers. The primary research published between 1991 and 2014 were comprehensively searched using a systematic guideline developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (2014). This systematic search identified a total of 13 studies which met the review inclusion criteria, and included 4 randomized controlled trials and 9 quasi-experimental studies. Meta-analysis could not applied as these studies were dissimilar in terms of types of intervention and their outcomes. Instead, narrative summarization was used in this systematic review. The findings of this study indicated that the effectiveness of education provision depended on three main factors: type of education provision, timing of education, and educators. The study showed that individual and group education may have positive outcomes on breastfeeding. Education continually delivered through pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period may improve knowledge of breastfeeding, duration of breastfeeding, breastfeeding rate and breastfeeding behavior among adolescent mothers. A professional educator is also the key person in an education provision. Although the education of breastfeeding provided by non-professional educators may increase the level of adolescent mother’s knowledge, but they needs to be trained in an intensive training course, and their performance should be done under close supervision of professionals. The findings in this systematic review suggest that the education provision may be individual or group education; should continue through pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period; and under the direction of a professional educator. Additional primary research on the effectiveness of education provision among adolescent mothers focusing on methods and outcome evaluations are need.