ปรากฏการณ์เจนตริฟิเคชั่นของชุมชนรอบวัดเจดีย์หลวง วรวิหาร ตำบลศรีภูมิ อำเภอเมืองเชียงใหม่ จังหวัดเชียงใหม่

Abstract

Gentrification is a phenomenon that is prevalent in numerous regions worldwide, including Chiang Mai municipality, and involves the conversion of land from residential to commercial use by the displacement of original residents in old town communities. The objective of this article is to examine the gentrification of the communities surrounding Chedi Luang Worawiharn Temple in Sri Phum subdistrict, Muang district, Chiang Mai province, and to analyze the changes of gentrification phenomenon during the coronavirus disease 2019 situation. Lastly, it suggests recommendations for the management and planning of urban renewal initiatives in the communities encircling Chedi Luang Temple. The research was conducted in the vicinity of Wat Chedi Luang, which is comprised of three communities: the Phra Chao Mengrai Samakkhi Community, the Chang-Taem Community, and the Phan-On Community. The target groups are traditional community residents, new residents, community leaders, and relevant government officials. The methodological instruments included data interviews, physical surveys, and questionnaires that were completed by a sample of 268 individuals. Research findings were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. According to the findings of the gentrification research conducted in the community surrounding Wat Chedi Luang, commercial land use accounted for 38.9 percent of all land uses and was concentrated along the town's main roads. Residential areas were distributed in the central part of the community, surrounded by religious institutions, while commercial and residential structures were dispersed throughout the community. The majority of residents, 41.5 percent, were from the central area, which includes Pathum Thani, Nonthaburi, and Bangkok. Gentrification can be divided into three stages: Stage 1: the beginning of development, Stage 2: maturity, and Stage 3: adjustment, with the prospect of evolving into a completely commercial area in the future. Prior to the COVID-19 epidemic, the economy had a major influence on the effects of gentrification, including increased living expenses and rising rents and land prices. While the physical and social consequences were Improving the condition of buildings results in a more pleasant community landscape and a better quality of life for people in the community. The changes in gentrification during the COVID-19 pandemic revealed a slowdown in economic activity, which resulted in the gentrification phenomena diminishing due to a decline in commerce and service businesses. As a result, the population in particular communities decreased while land prices remained high due to speculation in the area. Although communities were greatly impacted by the economic downturn caused by disease outbreaks, they bonded together because of collaboration between original and new residents in dealing with the situation. The recommendations for managing and planning urban renewal based on gentrification during the normal and risk phases include the following: first, the modification of places that hold emotional value, such as the promotion of the improvement of vacant spaces for public benefit; second, building community capacity to further solve community problems, such as the development of community-based technology innovations; and finally, creating participation for community strength. These initiatives seek to build a sense of community and place, which in turn reduces displacement of the original community and the incidence of gentrification.