ความเสี่ยงของธุรกิจการเลี้ยงสุกรครบวงจรและการเลี้ยงสุกรขุน ในจังหวัดเชียงใหม่

Abstract

Chiang Mai is a province with the largest swine farming in the upper region of Northern Thailand. There are many swine farming patterns such as fattening swine farming and integrated swine farming. This study aimed to perform risk analysis and evaluate risk effects from production and marketing of swine farming businesses in Chiang Mai. Questionnaires were used to collect data from two fattening swine farm entrepreneurs and two integrated swine farm entrepreneurs. In order to analyze the data, a risk analysis was performed using Fishbone Diagram and an evaluation of risk effects was completed using Likelihood Impact Matrix.

With regards to the risk analysis in fattening swine farms and integrated swine farms, it was found that fattening swine farm entrepreneurs and integrated swine farm entrepreneurs had swine farming business experience greater than ten years or more. In fattening swine farms, there were greater than 2,000 swine raised in each farm, while there were greater than 1,000 swine raised in each integrated swine farm. Both types of swine production enterprises had to face with identical risk of production and marketing. The major sources of production risks were management, species, feed, and fetal swine before assignation. Sources of market risk included variation in prices due to the rules or regulations of the government sector or customer requirements, a few marketing channel, and injured swine during transportation. Even though two types of swine farms confronted identical risk, the evaluation of risk effects showed that integrated swine farms tended to encounter a higher level of risk of production and marketing when compared to fattening swine farms. With the production and marketing risk, both two types of swine farms implemented the risk handling actions to deal with the high-risk events. Nonetheless, there were some risk evens that had not been handled, For example, in term of management, there were miscommunication between entrepreneurs and farm employees and lack of confidence in decision making among farm employees. Swine farming were also at risk of gastrointestinal disease and bacterial infectious diseases. In addition, compare to fattening swine farms, integrated swine farms were faced with more management risk as frequently broken-down equipment, non-suitable temperature in housing, and infected diseases in swine, for instance, gastrointestinal disease, respiratory diseases, reproductive system diseases, and bacterial infectious diseases.