ปัจจัยที่มีผลต่อการยอมรับการปลูกข้าวด้วยวิธีโยนกล้าของเกษตรกรในอำเภอเมือง จังหวัดกำแพงเพชร

Abstract

The purposes of this study were to study the rice planting labor use model, the farmers’ production cost and productivity in Mueang district, Kamphaeng Phet province and the factors that relates to the adoption of parachute rice planting methods in Mueang district, Kamphaeng Phet province. The population used in the study included 300 farmers in areas of Mueang District, Kamphaeng Phet province. With regard to data collection, it was acquired by using the random sampling method and the questionnaire as a tool. Data analysis was conducted via the statistical package program. The findings revealed that most farmers had three family members and occupied the agriculture as their main occupation. Mostly, the family heads had primary education as the educational background and their children would have the highest educational level. The farmers would like to grow the rice three production cycles in one year because there was enough water for cultivation all year round and did not face the drought. Most farmers showed having the land areas of not more than 30 rais and total productivity of 71-80 barrels per rai. Regarding the farmers’ labor use model in the rice cultivation, it found that the wage of laborers both men and women in the area is approximately 300 baht per day. According to the step of soil preparation, most farmers applied the labor use in form of hiring employment but in the step of seedling culture of the farmers who cultivated the rice in forms of lowland planting and parachute rice planting. The farmers would like to use the hiring employment and the hirer would manage the rice plantlets used for planting and valued the hiring cost mixed in the step of planting. With regard to the paddy-sown planting farmer was able to do the rice grain culture itself, this did not let to get the expense. In terms of planting steps, the farmers who cultivated the rice in forms of lowland planting would like to hire the laborers or use the household labor as the parachute rice planting farmers liked to use the hiring employment method. However, in step of sowing and using chemical spray for weed control, the farmers preferred to hire the laborers and would also use the household labor and hiring laborers. According to sprays of chemicals for insect and disease prevention, the farmers would hire the laborers, and the farmers preferred the machine hiring method in the step of harvesting. It found that the costs of the farmers differentiated according to the planting methods and a number of machines and equipment that the farmers had. If there were a number of modern machines and equipment, it would result in high fixed costs. However, the farmers could hire the machines for reduce such fixed costs. Regarding the variable cost, if the farmers chose the methods of lowland planting or parachute planting, they would have lower variable costs due to less use of chemicals for weed control and the methods of lowland planting and parachute planting could also reduce the weed problem. However, the rice sowing method would have the expense on chemicals for weed control more than such two methods above mentioned and this would result in reduction of returns, accordingly. In accordance with personal factors, it found that the levels of educational background of the head of family and family member, farmers’ economic and financial factors, income from other agricultures and other households’ income, farmers’ total debt and total saving deposits, it found that there was no correlation with decision making to choose the methods of parachute rice planting of the farmers. Regarding farmers’ personal factors and family members, experience in rice planting, financial factors, income from rice planting in the previous year, household expenditure and requirement of agricultural extension officials for providing knowledge of parachute rice planting method, it found that there was no correlation with decision making of the farmers’ parachute rice planting method.