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http://cmuir.cmu.ac.th/jspui/handle/6653943832/7570
2024-03-28T21:27:08Zการสกัดซาโพนินจากเปลือกไม้สมุนไพรนมนาง (Pouteria cambodiana) และฤทธิ์ในการยับยั้งกิจกรรมของเอนไซม์ไลเปสและกลูโคซิเดส
http://cmuir.cmu.ac.th/jspui/handle/6653943832/79375
Title: การสกัดซาโพนินจากเปลือกไม้สมุนไพรนมนาง (Pouteria cambodiana) และฤทธิ์ในการยับยั้งกิจกรรมของเอนไซม์ไลเปสและกลูโคซิเดส
Authors: กวิสรา แสนเหนือ
Abstract: Pouteria cambodiana or “Nom-nang” is a perennial plant that has a wide distribution in tropical regions and the northern region of Thailand. The bark of this plant has been used for the purpose of promoting lactation among breastfeeding mothers. Moreover, P. cambodiana bark has a high nutraceutical potential due to the presence of saponins, which are secondary metabolites. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of saponins from the bark of P. cambodiana and to assess the in vitro inhibitory activities of saponin-rich extracts. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) to obtain high of saponins content. The impact of various extraction temperatures (40, 50, and 60 °C) and ethanol concentration levels (50, 60, and 70%) on the saponin compound was assessed. The most effective extraction conditions involved a temperature of 50°C and a 50% concentration level of ethanol as the solvent, which allowed the extraction of saponin content and total phenolic compounds, which were 36.04 ± 0.15 mg/g and 314.70 ± 0.55 mg GAE/g sample, respectively. The maximum antioxidant activity by DPPH was 1224.73 ± 21.01 and FRAP was 521.86 ± 4.65 mg Trolox/g sample, respectively. Saponin that has been hydrolyzed by acid is converted into sapogenin. Saponin-rich extracts and their hydrolysates from P. cambodiana bark were evaluated for their ability to inhibits alpha-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase activities. The study found that the saponin-rich extracts ability to inhibits α-glucosidase displayed the lowest IC50 value of 0.10 ± 0.01 mg/mL, when compared to the IC50 values of the sapogenin-rich extracts (2.98 ± 0.33 mg/mL) and acarbose (0.15 ± 0.01 mg/mL). In the case of pancreatic lipase, the findings indicated that the inhibitory effects of the sapogenin-rich extracts demonstrated an IC50 value of 7.60 ± 0.01 mg/mL, which was significantly lower compared to the saponin-rich extracts (>1000 mg/mL), while Oristat standard had the lowest IC50 value of 2.36 mg/mL. According to the results of the study on the stability of the saponin-rich extract powder transferred to aluminum foil bags and subsequently sealed under vacuum conditions prior to being stored at controlled temperatures at 25, 35, and 45 ˚C for 3 months, both chemical and physical alterations were discovered. It is affected by temperature under different circumstances. The results of this study found that the amount of saponin remaining was 7.29 ± 0.06 mg/g decrease to 70% and the total phenolic compounds remaining was 202.06 ± 0.72 mg GAE/g sample decrease to 80%, respectively. Furthermore, the antioxidation activity of DPPH and FRAP decreased similarly. The DPPH and FRAP exhibited the greatest decrease, resulting in values of 120.38 ± 2.53 decrease to 45%, and FRAP was 79.48 ± 1.56 mg Trolox/g sample decrease to 60%, respectively. For the change in moisture content and water activity values was found that the moisture content was 5.26 - 7.68% and water activity was 0.4, respectively. In terms of colour values, it was discovered that there was a minor rise in trend during the 3 months of storage. L*, a*, and b* values ranging from 79.00±0.88, 7.99 ±0.18, and 14.65± 0.18, respectively. The saponin contents of dried extract stored at a low temperature of 25 °C for 2 months showed the best stability, with saponin content more than 90% retention. In vitro cytotoxicity study of the extract saponin powder was tested to L929 fibroblast cell lines to determine the concentration that causes cytotoxicity. The IC50 value of 37.5 µg/mL. The cell survival value is greater than 80% (89.15%), indicating that the saponin powder extract is lowest toxic tested to L929 fibroblast cell lines. As a result, the herbal bark of Nom Nang can be further developed into functional food products to increase the benefits and value of the products.2023-12-01T00:00:00ZEstimation of Choline intake in Chiang Mai University students and staff
http://cmuir.cmu.ac.th/jspui/handle/6653943832/79229
Title: Estimation of Choline intake in Chiang Mai University students and staff
Authors: Phachara Jindasereekul
Abstract: Choline is an essential nutrient which is grouped with vitamin B, the major form of choline in food and the body are PtdC. The important roles of choline are being a constituent of cell membrane, lipoprotein and precursor for synthesis of acetylcholine. Especially, adequate choline intake can decease a risk of NAFLD and Alzheimer’s disease. This study surveyed the usual dietary intake of choline among Thai university students and staff aged 19-60 years (n=317; men 95, women 222). Socioeconomic background, health information, anthropometric data and 24-h dietary recall data were collected. The long-term usual intake was estimated using the multiple-source method. The average usual choline intake levels for men and women were (mean±SD) 433±240 and 350±170 mg/day, respectively. Moreover, choline intake was not associated with BMI, WC and WHR. The results revealed Thai young adults did not achieve the AI levels and this situation indicated that it should be of concerned. However, further study is needed to directly assess choline intake at the national level.2023-07-10T00:00:00ZGrowth and development, and genetic variation of Tin Hung Doi (Daiswa polyphylla (Smith) Raf.)
http://cmuir.cmu.ac.th/jspui/handle/6653943832/79191
Title: Growth and development, and genetic variation of Tin Hung Doi (Daiswa polyphylla (Smith) Raf.)
Authors: Absorn Wittayapraparat
Abstract: Tin Hung Doi (Daiswa polyphylla (Smith) Raf.) is a rare medicinal plant mainly
found growing in highland areas. This plant is at risk of extinction because its rhizome
has been drastically dug up extensively for sale. There is very little information known
about this plant. The objectives of this research were to study the following; 1) growth
and development of Tin Hung Doi, including an investigation of habitat and outside
environmental affects to highland areas of Chiang Mai, 2) genetic variations of Tin Hung
Doi plant.
The results showed two kinds of growth and development, flowering and non-
flowering plants. The environment where Tin Hung Doi grows showed an average air
temperature of 24.64cC with relative humidity of 67.40 percent, and average light
intensity at 237.66 Lm m2. Moreover, Tin Hung Doi was found mainly in sandy loam
soil which is a slightly acidic. The average organic matter of the soil was 8.01 g 100 g',
with cation exchange capacity of 20.57 cmol(t) kg' at altitude 1,046 - 1,394 msl.
Tin Hung Doi flower is a single flower sprouting at the top of the stem in the
center of a whorl of leaves, comprising of a pedicel, 4-8 sepals or leafy bracts, 3-8 petals
which reduce to a filiform structure. There are 10-22 stamens and a pistil with one ovary
containing 2-38 ovules. The flowering plants normally emerge from April onwards,
followed by shoot growth and young leaves. The flower emerges from the middle of
a leaf whorl in April to May. Leaves open from May to June, the flowers bloom from May to July, then fruit setting and seed mature during July to December. The plants enter
dormancy from September to January until resuming growth in the next growing season.
The anatomy of the Tin Hung Doi flower is not so complicated. Cytology
revealed 5 pairs of chromosomes (2n = 10). Root tips collected at 7 a.m. and 12 a.m. had
many mitotic cells, 24 and 25 percent, respectively. Plant samples in Wat Chan, Galyani
Vadhana district and Pa Kluay, Chom Thong district showed different arm ratios and
chromosome types. The genetic variation study by RAPD technique with 18 primers on
30 samples from the same and different areas showed that they can be classified into
4 groups.
Reproductive biology of Tin Hung Doi showed stigma viability approximately
35 days after bloom, pollen was viable approximately 15 days after bloom, and pollen
germination at 25.90 percent in 1 percent medium supplemented with 5 percent sucrose.
Seed viability was 100 percent tested by dying with 0.1 and 1 percent tetrazolium.
The seeds germinated approximately 45.71 percent after 12-16 months from sowing.
The information from this study can be used for Tin Hung Doi cultivation, breeding, and
conservation.2020-06-01T00:00:00ZScreening of bacteriocin producing Bacillus spp. isolated from Miang for application as probiotic in nile tilapia culture
http://cmuir.cmu.ac.th/jspui/handle/6653943832/79144
Title: Screening of bacteriocin producing Bacillus spp. isolated from Miang for application as probiotic in nile tilapia culture
Authors: Anyairo, Chioma Stella
Abstract: Seventy-nine Bacillus strains isolated from Miang samples were screened for potential probiotics for applying in aquaculture. Only six strains of Bacillus spp. (K2.1, K6.1, K7.1, K15.4 and K22.6, and K29.2) were revealed the antimicrobial ability against Gram-negative Aeromonas hydrophila and Gram-positive Streptococcus agalactiae.
Through the molecular identification by 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis, five isolates were identified to be Bacillus tequilensis (K2.1, K6.1, K7.1, K15.4, and K22.6) and the remaining isolate K29.2 was Bacillus siamensis. All selected isolates were susceptible to some tested antibiotics via agar well diffusion assay, except for B. tequilensis K6.1 and B. tequilensis 15.4, which were slightly resistant to streptomycin. In
addition, they were all resistant to 0.3% (w/v) bile salt with a reasonable survival rate against extreme pH and secreted extracellular proteolytic enzymes. B. tequilensis K15.4 and B. siamensis K29.2 were selected to study for tannin tolerance and polysaccharides degrading enzyme production owing to their high tolerance to the gastric simulated and 0.3% (w/v) bile salt conditions. The time course study across 24 h on submerged
fermentation using the specific enzyme inducer of each 0.5% (w/v) of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), birch wood xylan and locust bean gum (LBG), independently, revealed their ability to secret cellulase, xylanase and β-mannanase with the overall enzyme activity of B. tequilensis K15.4 higher than B. siamensis K29.2. The tannin tolerance analysis showed that two selected strains exhibited the the ability to grow and secrete
cellulase and β-mannanase in the presence of hydrolysable tannin. Therefore, these characteristics supported their potential to be applied as multifunctional probiotic strains in Nile tilapia cultivation.
The growth dynamics study of B. tequilensis K15.4 and B. siamensis K29.2 showed the optimum bacteriocin-producing time at 24 h cultivation at 37C, and the final pHs are 8.13 and 8.3, respectively. Antimicrobial activity reduction of culture supernatants after incubation with proteinase K reaffirmed their proteinaceous nature of bacteriocin from both strains. Purification of bacteriocins from both selected strains by 80% ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration using 26/60 Sephacryl S100HR column revealed that the native molecular weight of the bacteriocin from B. tequilensis K15.4 and B. siamensis K29.2 were estimated to be 23 and 25 kDa, respectively. However, the exact elucidation of the authentic bacteriocins from both selected bacillus strains have to be clarified by more efficient SDS-PAGE or other analytical techniques. The purified
bacteriocins from both two selected B. tequilensis K15.4 and B. siamensis K29.2 demonstrated broad pH tolerance and thermostability, demonstrating bactericidal inhibition against A. hydrophila cell growth, and retaining antimicrobial activity over a storage time of at least four months in a lyophilized form.2023-08-01T00:00:00Z